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Anxiety is a normal human emotion that everyone experiences from time to time. It's a feeling of unease, worry, or fear that can be mild or severe, depending on the situation. For example, feeling anxious before a job interview or an important test is normal and can even be helpful in motivating us to perform better. However, when anxiety becomes overwhelming and interferes with daily life, it may be a sign of an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive and persistent feelings of anxiety, fear, or worry that interfere with daily activities, relationships, and overall well-being. There are several types of anxiety disorders, including: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This type of anxiety disorder involves persistent and excessive worry about everyday activities, such as work, school, health, and relationships. Panic Disorder: This type of anxiety disorder is characterized by sudden and unexpected panic attacks, which ...

Depression is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It can cause feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that a person once enjoyed. Depression can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, life events, and chemical imbalances in the brain. Symptoms of depression can include: Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness Loss of interest in activities that a person once enjoyed Fatigue or lack of energy Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much Changes in appetite or weight Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Thoughts of death or suicide If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to seek professional help. A mental health professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual's needs. Treatment for depression may include medication, therapy, or a com...

HOW TO TACKLE FEAR Tackling fear can be difficult, but there are a few strategies that may be helpful: Identify the fear: Try to understand what is causing your fear. Is it a specific event or situation, or is it a more general anxiety? Understanding the root of your fear can help you develop a plan to address it. Challenge your thoughts: Often, our fears are based on negative thoughts and assumptions that may not be accurate. Challenge these thoughts by asking yourself if there is evidence to support them. Try to reframe negative thoughts in a more positive light. Gradual exposure: If your fear is related to a specific situation, gradually exposing yourself to that situation can help you build confidence and reduce fear over time. This is called exposure therapy, and it is an effective method to reduce anxiety symptoms. Mindfulness: Practicing mindfulness can help you stay present and focused on the present moment, rather than dwelling on your fears. This can help reduce feelings of a...

PERSONALITY DISORDERS Personality disorders are a group of mental health conditions that affect a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. They are characterized by patterns of thinking, behaving, and interacting that are considered to be rigid, inflexible, and maladaptive. Some of the most common types of personality disorders include: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) - characterized by intense and unstable emotions, impulsive behavior, and unstable relationships. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) - characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) - characterized by a disregard for the rights of others, a lack of empathy, and a tendency to engage in criminal behavior. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) - characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control. Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) - characterized by excessive a...

How to maintain a relationship? Maintaining a healthy relationship requires communication, compromise, trust, and respect. It's important to be open and honest with your partner, to actively listen to them and to make an effort to understand their point of view. Regularly expressing gratitude and appreciation for one another can also help to strengthen the relationship. It's also important to set boundaries and to make time for yourself and your own interests. Additionally, make sure to set aside time to spend together as a couple and make an effort to do things you both enjoy. It's also important to address and resolve conflicts in a healthy and respectful manner.

HYPOCHONDRIASIS DISORDER  A somatoform disorder.Preoccupied either with fears of contracting a serious disease or with idea that of having that disease even though they do not. It is based on misinterpretation of one or more bodily signs or symptoms. There will be no medical conditions present. ▸ Condition has to persist 6 months for diagnosis ➤ Generally resistant to the idea that their problem is psychological  ➤ Occur about equally in men and women, can start at any age, early adulthood is the most common age of onset.  ➤ It regarded as a persistent disorder if it is not treated suffer from mood disorders, panic disorders or other types of somatic symptom disorders. Causal factors -cognitive behavioural, secondary reinforcement.

DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER Two kinds of dissociative symptoms are derealization and depersonalization. They sometimes occur during panic attacks.Derealization-one's sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily los. Depersonalization-one's sense of one's own self and one's own reality is temporarily lost. In this disorder, people have persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from (and like an outside observer of) their own bodies and mental processes. They may even feel they are, for a time, floating above their physical bodies. which may suddenly feel very different-as if drastically changed or unreal. During periods of depersonalization, unlike during psychotic states, reality testing remains intact. The related experience of derealization, in which the external world is perceived as strange and new in various ways, may also occur. Comorbidity : anxiety and mood disorders as well as avoidant, borderline, and obsessive-compulsive p...

DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER Dissociative disorders are a group of conditions involving disruptions in a person's normally integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. The term dissociation refers to the human mind's capacity to engage in complex mental activity in channels split off from, or independent of, conscious awareness ➤ Concept of dissociation was first promoted over a century ago by the French neurologist Pierre Janet (1859-1947). ➤ Dissociation only becomes pathological when the dissociative symptoms are "perceived as disruptive, invoking a loss of needed information, as producing discontinuity of experience" or as "recurrent, jarring involuntary intrusions into executive functioning and sense of self". ➤ In people with dissociative disorders, normally integrated and well-coordinated multichannel quality of human cognition becomes much less coordinated and integrated, affected person may be unable to access informa...

Abnormal Psychology - It is concerned with understanding the nature, causes, and treatment of mental disorders. Mental Disorder- According to DSM-5, a mental disorder is classified as a syndrome that is present in an individual and that involves clinically significant disturbance in behavior, emotion regulation, or cognitive functioning. These disturbances are thought to reflect a dysfunction in biological, psychological, or developmental processes that are necessary for mental functioning. INDICATORS OF ABNORMALITY 1. Subjective distress - if a person suffers or experience psychological pain we are inclined to consider this as an indicative of abnormality. In many cases, it is neither a sufficient condition nor even a necessary condition to consider something as abnormal. 2. Mal-adaptiveness : maladaptive behavior is often an indicator of abnormality. Maladaptive behavior interferes with our well-being and with our ability to enjoy our work and our relationships. But not a...

Behavioural and Social Cognitive Theories The behavioural and social cognitive theories emphasize continuity in development and argue that development does not occur in stages. The three versions of the behavioral approach that we will explore are Pavlov's classical conditioning, Skinner's operant conditioning, and Bandura's social cognitive theory. Pavlov's Classical Conditioning: In the early 1900s, the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1927) knew that dogs salivate when they taste food. He became curious when he observed that dogs also salivate to various sights and sounds before eating their food, in the early twentieth century, John Watson and Rosalie Rayner (1920) demonstrated that classical conditioning occurs in human beings. He showed an infant named Albert a white rat to see if he was afraid of it. He was not. As Albert played with the rat, a loud noise was sounded behind his head. As you might imagine, the noise caused little Albert to cry. After several pair...

ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who developed one of the most popular and influential theories of development. While his theory was impacted by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's work, Erikson's theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erikson was interested in how social interaction and relationships played a role in the development and growth of human beings.according to him it is a social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people and developmental change occurs throughout the life span. Erikson's theory was based on what is known as the epigenetic principle.In Erikson theory, eight stages of development unfold as we go through life. At each stage, a unique developmental task confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point marked by both increased vulnerability and enhanced potential. The mo...

  Language development Language development during infancy every child is born with certain inherent capabilities to acquire language. ⚫ During the first-year verbal communication develops by virtue of sensitivity to language. cognitive and social skills and environmental support ⚫ The first skill to develop is phonological. It enables recognition and utilization of sound units and combining them into words clauses and phrases. Most of the infants are not able to generate a complete sentences till the age of two and the ability continue to develop through childhood years and adolescents and further refinement takes place till adulthood. Prelinguistic phase ⚫ A process of prelinguistic development gradually takes place before the child even acquire the first steps of verbal communication. Babies actively produce different sounds right from the birth onwards to attract attention from their caregivers Babies sounds and gestures go through the following sequences during the...

30 Rules that every man should follow. 1. Never shake a man’s hand sitting down. 2. Don’t enter a pool by the stairs. 3. The man at the BBQ Grill is the closest thing to a king. 4. In a negotiation, never make the first offer. 5. Request the late check-out. 6. When entrusted with a secret, keep it. 7. Hold your heroes to a higher standard. 8. Return a borrowed car with a full tank of gas. 9. Play with passion or don’t play at all… 10. When shaking hands, grip firmly and look them in the eye. 11. Don’t let a wishbone grow where a backbone should be. 12. If you need music on the beach, you’re missing the point. 13. Carry two handkerchiefs. The one in your back pocket is for you. The one in your breast pocket is for her. 14. You marry the girl, you marry her family. 15. Be like a duck. Remain calm on the surface and paddle like crazy underneath. 16. Experience the serenity of traveling alone. 17. Never be afraid to ask out the best looking girl in the room. 18. Never turn down...

Delayed Life Syndrome People who constantly puts things off and say to themselves phrases like that: "it's for a holiday," "I'll wait for a special occasion," "I'll rest after retirement," etc. suffer from the delayed life syndrome. It all comes from a deep childhood and low self-esteem. Parents often impose these views on their children, and then children do the same on their children. This syndrome can be compared to a road to "nowhere". The person takes no action except things that he or she is ordered to do. Such a person is completely miserable, because life is passing by him or her. Thousands of people hate their school, their university, their job, the country they live in. Yet they continue to do nothing, complain about life, and continue to postpone pleasant and important things in life. When a person of this kind is sad, he or she begins to fight depression by gorging on foods, which leads to health issues. How t...

Boosting self-esteem ▫️The first step in overcoming any bad habits is being aware of them. Observe yourself. Instead of engaging in self-condemnation, try to get to know yourself by analyzing the way you behave. ⠀ ▫️Change your social circle. Take note which people are present in your life and what is the essence of your relationship with them. Perhaps, if you objectively evaluate your environment, you will see that you give people more than you get from them. ⠀⠀ ▫️Never forget about your strengths and don't be too hard on yourself. For personal use only, make a list of your inherent strengths and what you do really well. ▫️Keep calm and try to mitigate stress. Avoid the hustle and bustle. Develop stress resistance. You will gain self-confidence if you do the tasks you set yourself.

Lack of action does not equal idleness  Wu-Wei means in Chinese non-doing or 'doing nothing'. Chinese philosophers considered it a natural way of life as opposed to actively pursuing goals or forcing events.  Wu-Wei, however, should not be confused with idleness. It is not an excuse to sit back and criticize others. According to this teaching, one should not waste energy but act only when the time is right. If this concept is interesting to you, we'll take a closer look at Wu-Wei, just let us know!

What is anxiety? Anxiety is a mental and physical state of anticipating doom. It is characterised psychologically by heightened arousal and apprehension that is tortured into distressing worry, and physically by unpleasant activation of several body systems, all of which are done to facilitate response to an unknown danger, whether it is real or imagined. Physical and mental symptoms like jitteriness and a racing heart are intended to make you feel uncomfortable, as is the cognitive feeling of dread in anticipation of some negative outcome. In order to get your attention and motivate you to take the necessary actions to safeguard the things you value, anxiety is used. Periodic anxiety attacks are normal and even beneficial. We humans pay anxiety as a price for having the capacity to envision the future. When anxiety become a disorder? An anxiety disorder, however, is characterised by persistent, pervasive, or excessive anxiety that interferes with daily activities at home, ...

What do you do when you are scared and anxious? There's only bad news everywhere, and now you can't even go out? Here are some steps for your rescue: 𒊹︎︎︎Distract yourself with completely different types of activities. This is necessary for psychological rest of the brain. 𒊹︎︎︎Start a routine and strictly perform it daily. For example, morning stretch, 20 new foreign words, sort out your old things, etc. A clear daily to-do list is needed! 𒊹︎︎︎Minimize the news about the coronavirus, as they become addictive, like adrenaline. 𒊹︎︎︎If you can, meditate and be creative. 𒊹︎︎︎Quit alcohol, sad songs and sad movies. 𒊹︎︎︎Go out at least for groceries or on the balcony. Fresh air and vitamin D are necessary to protect immune system, as well as to relieve stress. 𒊹︎︎︎Learn something new, use this time to grow.

Is it possible to stay PRODUCTIVE without being overworked? Can't wait to tell you that getting everything done in time and staying fresh is absolutely possible! Tips that help me do it: 𒊹︎︎︎ Plan your day 𒊹︎︎︎Fulfill challenging tasks first 𒊹︎︎︎ Don't forget to take breaks! Incorporate rest into your day plan - it will help you stay productive 𒊹︎︎︎ Repeat a phrase to yourself that motivates you, such as: "I can do this!" That way you will be motivated and it will speed up your work.

More than one in five boys look for information about sex from porn. More than one in five (22 per cent) boys are looking for information about sex through pornography, a new report has found. According to SafeLives, a UK charity working to put an end to domestic abuse, relationships and sex education (RSE) is "falling seriously short" of what young people need despite the curriculum receiving its first update in 20 years in 2019.  The report also found that the majority of LGBT+ students (61 per cent) disagree that LGBT+ relationships are being threaded throughout RSE.  Meanwhile, other shortages came by way of abusive relationships, with just 46 per cent of students saying they feel confident about who to talk to if they know someone who is experiencing abuse.  Additionally, only 24 per cent of those surveyed recall being taught about coercive control in RSE. The findings were conducted via interviews, surveys and focus groups with more than 1,000 students a...